diff --git a/src/hooks/runtime-fallback/error-classifier.ts b/src/hooks/runtime-fallback/error-classifier.ts
index f1cc9609c..f35819b76 100644
--- a/src/hooks/runtime-fallback/error-classifier.ts
+++ b/src/hooks/runtime-fallback/error-classifier.ts
@@ -133,6 +133,21 @@ export function extractAutoRetrySignal(info: Record<string, unknown> | undefined
   return undefined
 }
 
+export function containsErrorContent(
+  parts: Array<{ type?: string; text?: string }> | undefined
+): { hasError: boolean; errorMessage?: string } {
+  if (!parts || parts.length === 0) return { hasError: false }
+
+  const errorParts = parts.filter((p) => p.type === "error")
+  if (errorParts.length > 0) {
+    const errorMessages = errorParts.map((p) => p.text).filter((text): text is string => typeof text === "string")
+    const errorMessage = errorMessages.length > 0 ? errorMessages.join("\n") : undefined
+    return { hasError: true, errorMessage }
+  }
+
+  return { hasError: false }
+}
+
 export function isRetryableError(error: unknown, retryOnErrors: number[]): boolean {
   const statusCode = extractStatusCode(error, retryOnErrors)
   const message = getErrorMessage(error)
diff --git a/src/hooks/runtime-fallback/index.test.ts b/src/hooks/runtime-fallback/index.test.ts
index 4ce288c8b..2e394db6d 100644
--- a/src/hooks/runtime-fallback/index.test.ts
+++ b/src/hooks/runtime-fallback/index.test.ts
@@ -1616,6 +1616,165 @@ describe("runtime-fallback", () => {
 
       expect(retriedModels).toContain("openai/gpt-5.3-codex")
     })
+
+    test("triggers fallback when message contains type:error parts (e.g. Minimax insufficient balance)", async () => {
+      const retriedModels: string[] = []
+
+      const hook = createRuntimeFallbackHook(
+        createMockPluginInput({
+          session: {
+            messages: async () => ({
+              data: [{ info: { role: "user" }, parts: [{ type: "text", text: "test" }] }],
+            }),
+            promptAsync: async (args: unknown) => {
+              const model = (args as { body?: { model?: { providerID?: string; modelID?: string } } })?.body?.model
+              if (model?.providerID && model?.modelID) {
+                retriedModels.push(`${model.providerID}/${model.modelID}`)
+              }
+              return {}
+            },
+          },
+        }),
+        {
+          config: createMockConfig({ notify_on_fallback: false }),
+          pluginConfig: createMockPluginConfigWithCategoryFallback(["openai/gpt-5.2"]),
+        }
+      )
+
+      const sessionID = "test-session-error-content"
+      SessionCategoryRegistry.register(sessionID, "test")
+
+      await hook.event({
+        event: {
+          type: "session.created",
+          properties: { info: { id: sessionID, model: "minimax/minimax-text-01" } },
+        },
+      })
+
+      await hook.event({
+        event: {
+          type: "message.updated",
+          properties: {
+            info: {
+              sessionID,
+              role: "assistant",
+              model: "minimax/minimax-text-01",
+            },
+            parts: [{ type: "error", text: "Upstream error from Minimax: insufficient balance (1008)" }],
+          },
+        },
+      })
+
+      expect(retriedModels).toContain("openai/gpt-5.2")
+    })
+
+    test("triggers fallback when message has mixed text and error parts", async () => {
+      const retriedModels: string[] = []
+
+      const hook = createRuntimeFallbackHook(
+        createMockPluginInput({
+          session: {
+            messages: async () => ({
+              data: [{ info: { role: "user" }, parts: [{ type: "text", text: "test" }] }],
+            }),
+            promptAsync: async (args: unknown) => {
+              const model = (args as { body?: { model?: { providerID?: string; modelID?: string } } })?.body?.model
+              if (model?.providerID && model?.modelID) {
+                retriedModels.push(`${model.providerID}/${model.modelID}`)
+              }
+              return {}
+            },
+          },
+        }),
+        {
+          config: createMockConfig({ notify_on_fallback: false }),
+          pluginConfig: createMockPluginConfigWithCategoryFallback(["anthropic/claude-opus-4-6"]),
+        }
+      )
+
+      const sessionID = "test-session-mixed-content"
+      SessionCategoryRegistry.register(sessionID, "test")
+
+      await hook.event({
+        event: {
+          type: "session.created",
+          properties: { info: { id: sessionID, model: "google/gemini-2.5-pro" } },
+        },
+      })
+
+      await hook.event({
+        event: {
+          type: "message.updated",
+          properties: {
+            info: {
+              sessionID,
+              role: "assistant",
+              model: "google/gemini-2.5-pro",
+            },
+            parts: [
+              { type: "text", text: "Hello" },
+              { type: "error", text: "Rate limit exceeded" },
+            ],
+          },
+        },
+      })
+
+      expect(retriedModels).toContain("anthropic/claude-opus-4-6")
+    })
+
+    test("does NOT trigger fallback for normal type:error-free messages", async () => {
+      const retriedModels: string[] = []
+
+      const hook = createRuntimeFallbackHook(
+        createMockPluginInput({
+          session: {
+            messages: async () => ({
+              data: [
+                { info: { role: "user" }, parts: [{ type: "text", text: "test" }] },
+                { info: { role: "assistant" }, parts: [{ type: "text", text: "Normal response" }] },
+              ],
+            }),
+            promptAsync: async (args: unknown) => {
+              const model = (args as { body?: { model?: { providerID?: string; modelID?: string } } })?.body?.model
+              if (model?.providerID && model?.modelID) {
+                retriedModels.push(`${model.providerID}/${model.modelID}`)
+              }
+              return {}
+            },
+          },
+        }),
+        {
+          config: createMockConfig({ notify_on_fallback: false }),
+          pluginConfig: createMockPluginConfigWithCategoryFallback(["openai/gpt-5.2"]),
+        }
+      )
+
+      const sessionID = "test-session-normal-content"
+      SessionCategoryRegistry.register(sessionID, "test")
+
+      await hook.event({
+        event: {
+          type: "session.created",
+          properties: { info: { id: sessionID, model: "anthropic/claude-opus-4-5" } },
+        },
+      })
+
+      await hook.event({
+        event: {
+          type: "message.updated",
+          properties: {
+            info: {
+              sessionID,
+              role: "assistant",
+              model: "anthropic/claude-opus-4-5",
+            },
+            parts: [{ type: "text", text: "Normal response" }],
+          },
+        },
+      })
+
+      expect(retriedModels).toHaveLength(0)
+    })
   })
 
   describe("edge cases", () => {
diff --git a/src/hooks/runtime-fallback/message-update-handler.ts b/src/hooks/runtime-fallback/message-update-handler.ts
index e826de60d..7e6130955 100644
--- a/src/hooks/runtime-fallback/message-update-handler.ts
+++ b/src/hooks/runtime-fallback/message-update-handler.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type { HookDeps } from "./types"
 import type { AutoRetryHelpers } from "./auto-retry"
 import { HOOK_NAME } from "./constants"
 import { log } from "../../shared/logger"
-import { extractStatusCode, extractErrorName, classifyErrorType, isRetryableError, extractAutoRetrySignal } from "./error-classifier"
+import { extractStatusCode, extractErrorName, classifyErrorType, isRetryableError, extractAutoRetrySignal, containsErrorContent } from "./error-classifier"
 import { createFallbackState, prepareFallback } from "./fallback-state"
 import { getFallbackModelsForSession } from "./fallback-models"
 
@@ -60,7 +60,11 @@ export function createMessageUpdateHandler(deps: HookDeps, helpers: AutoRetryHel
     const retrySignalResult = extractAutoRetrySignal(info)
     const retrySignal = retrySignalResult?.signal
     const timeoutEnabled = config.timeout_seconds > 0
-    const error = info?.error ?? (retrySignal && timeoutEnabled ? { name: "ProviderRateLimitError", message: retrySignal } : undefined)
+    const parts = props?.parts as Array<{ type?: string; text?: string }> | undefined
+    const errorContentResult = containsErrorContent(parts)
+    const error = info?.error ?? 
+      (retrySignal && timeoutEnabled ? { name: "ProviderRateLimitError", message: retrySignal } : undefined) ??
+      (errorContentResult.hasError ? { name: "MessageContentError", message: errorContentResult.errorMessage || "Message contains error content" } : undefined)
     const role = info?.role as string | undefined
     const model = info?.model as string | undefined